').text(t+1)},dots:!1,dotsClass:"slick-dots",draggable:!0,easing:"linear",edgeFriction:.35,fade:!1,focusOnSelect:!1,focusOnChange:!1,infinite:!0,initialSlide:0,lazyLoad:"ondemand",mobileFirst:!1,pauseOnHover:!0,pauseOnFocus:!0,pauseOnDotsHover:!1,respondTo:"window",responsive:null,rows:1,rtl:!1,slide:"",slidesPerRow:1,slidesToShow:1,slidesToScroll:1,speed:500,swipe:!0,swipeToSlide:!1,touchMove:!0,touchThreshold:5,useCSS:!0,useTransform:!0,variableWidth:!1,vertical:!1,verticalSwiping:!1,waitForAnimate:!0,zIndex:1e3},n.initials={animating:!1,dragging:!1,autoPlayTimer:null,currentDirection:0,currentLeft:null,currentSlide:0,direction:1,$dots:null,listWidth:null,listHeight:null,loadIndex:0,$nextArrow:null,$prevArrow:null,scrolling:!1,slideCount:null,slideWidth:null,$slideTrack:null,$slides:null,sliding:!1,slideOffset:0,swipeLeft:null,swiping:!1,$list:null,touchObject:{},transformsEnabled:!1,unslicked:!1},i.extend(n,n.initials),n.activeBreakpoint=null,n.animType=null,n.animProp=null,n.breakpoints=[],n.breakpointSettings=[],n.cssTransitions=!1,n.focussed=!1,n.interrupted=!1,n.hidden="hidden",n.paused=!0,n.positionProp=null,n.respondTo=null,n.rowCount=1,n.shouldClick=!0,n.$slider=i(t),n.$slidesCache=null,n.transformType=null,n.transitionType=null,n.visibilityChange="visibilitychange",n.windowWidth=0,n.windowTimer=null,s=i(t).data("slick")||{},n.options=i.extend({},n.defaults,o,s),n.currentSlide=n.options.initialSlide,n.originalSettings=n.options,void 0!==document.mozHidden?(n.hidden="mozHidden",n.visibilityChange="mozvisibilitychange"):void 0!==document.webkitHidden&&(n.hidden="webkitHidden",n.visibilityChange="webkitvisibilitychange"),n.autoPlay=i.proxy(n.autoPlay,n),n.autoPlayClear=i.proxy(n.autoPlayClear,n),n.autoPlayIterator=i.proxy(n.autoPlayIterator,n),n.changeSlide=i.proxy(n.changeSlide,n),n.clickHandler=i.proxy(n.clickHandler,n),n.selectHandler=i.proxy(n.selectHandler,n),n.setPosition=i.proxy(n.setPosition,n),n.swipeHandler=i.proxy(n.swipeHandler,n),n.dragHandler=i.proxy(n.dragHandler,n),n.keyHandler=i.proxy(n.keyHandler,n),n.instanceUid=e++,n.htmlExpr=/^(?:\s*(<[\w\W]+>)[^>]*)$/,n.registerBreakpoints(),n.init(!0)}}()).prototype.activateADA=function(){this.$slideTrack.find(".slick-active").attr({"aria-hidden":"false"}).find("a, input, button, select").attr({tabindex:"0"})},e.prototype.addSlide=e.prototype.slickAdd=function(e,t,o){var s=this;if("boolean"==typeof t)o=t,t=null;else if(t<0||t>=s.slideCount)return!1;s.unload(),"number"==typeof t?0===t&&0===s.$slides.length?i(e).appendTo(s.$slideTrack):o?i(e).insertBefore(s.$slides.eq(t)):i(e).insertAfter(s.$slides.eq(t)):!0===o?i(e).prependTo(s.$slideTrack):i(e).appendTo(s.$slideTrack),s.$slides=s.$slideTrack.children(this.options.slide),s.$slideTrack.children(this.options.slide).detach(),s.$slideTrack.append(s.$slides),s.$slides.each(function(e,t){i(t).attr("data-slick-index",e)}),s.$slidesCache=s.$slides,s.reinit()},e.prototype.animateHeight=function(){var i=this;if(1===i.options.slidesToShow&&!0===i.options.adaptiveHeight&&!1===i.options.vertical){var e=i.$slides.eq(i.currentSlide).outerHeight(!0);i.$list.animate({height:e},i.options.speed)}},e.prototype.animateSlide=function(e,t){var o={},s=this;s.animateHeight(),!0===s.options.rtl&&!1===s.options.vertical&&(e=-e),!1===s.transformsEnabled?!1===s.options.vertical?s.$slideTrack.animate({left:e},s.options.speed,s.options.easing,t):s.$slideTrack.animate({top:e},s.options.speed,s.options.easing,t):!1===s.cssTransitions?(!0===s.options.rtl&&(s.currentLeft=-s.currentLeft),i({animStart:s.currentLeft}).animate({animStart:e},{duration:s.options.speed,easing:s.options.easing,step:function(i){i=Math.ceil(i),!1===s.options.vertical?(o[s.animType]="translate("+i+"px, 0px)",s.$slideTrack.css(o)):(o[s.animType]="translate(0px,"+i+"px)",s.$slideTrack.css(o))},complete:function(){t&&t.call()}})):(s.applyTransition(),e=Math.ceil(e),!1===s.options.vertical?o[s.animType]="translate3d("+e+"px, 0px, 0px)":o[s.animType]="translate3d(0px,"+e+"px, 0px)",s.$slideTrack.css(o),t&&setTimeout(function(){s.disableTransition(),t.call()},s.options.speed))},e.prototype.getNavTarget=function(){var e=this,t=e.options.asNavFor;return t&&null!==t&&(t=i(t).not(e.$slider)),t},e.prototype.asNavFor=function(e){var t=this.getNavTarget();null!==t&&"object"==typeof t&&t.each(function(){var t=i(this).slick("getSlick");t.unslicked||t.slideHandler(e,!0)})},e.prototype.applyTransition=function(i){var e=this,t={};!1===e.options.fade?t[e.transitionType]=e.transformType+" "+e.options.speed+"ms "+e.options.cssEase:t[e.transitionType]="opacity "+e.options.speed+"ms "+e.options.cssEase,!1===e.options.fade?e.$slideTrack.css(t):e.$slides.eq(i).css(t)},e.prototype.autoPlay=function(){var i=this;i.autoPlayClear(),i.slideCount>i.options.slidesToShow&&(i.autoPlayTimer=setInterval(i.autoPlayIterator,i.options.autoplaySpeed))},e.prototype.autoPlayClear=function(){var i=this;i.autoPlayTimer&&clearInterval(i.autoPlayTimer)},e.prototype.autoPlayIterator=function(){var i=this,e=i.currentSlide+i.options.slidesToScroll;i.paused||i.interrupted||i.focussed||(!1===i.options.infinite&&(1===i.direction&&i.currentSlide+1===i.slideCount-1?i.direction=0:0===i.direction&&(e=i.currentSlide-i.options.slidesToScroll,i.currentSlide-1==0&&(i.direction=1))),i.slideHandler(e))},e.prototype.buildArrows=function(){var e=this;!0===e.options.arrows&&(e.$prevArrow=i(e.options.prevArrow).addClass("slick-arrow"),e.$nextArrow=i(e.options.nextArrow).addClass("slick-arrow"),e.slideCount>e.options.slidesToShow?(e.$prevArrow.removeClass("slick-hidden").removeAttr("aria-hidden tabindex"),e.$nextArrow.removeClass("slick-hidden").removeAttr("aria-hidden tabindex"),e.htmlExpr.test(e.options.prevArrow)&&e.$prevArrow.prependTo(e.options.appendArrows),e.htmlExpr.test(e.options.nextArrow)&&e.$nextArrow.appendTo(e.options.appendArrows),!0!==e.options.infinite&&e.$prevArrow.addClass("slick-disabled").attr("aria-disabled","true")):e.$prevArrow.add(e.$nextArrow).addClass("slick-hidden").attr({"aria-disabled":"true",tabindex:"-1"}))},e.prototype.buildDots=function(){var e,t,o=this;if(!0===o.options.dots){for(o.$slider.addClass("slick-dotted"),t=i("
").addClass(o.options.dotsClass),e=0;e<=o.getDotCount();e+=1)t.append(i(" ").append(o.options.customPaging.call(this,o,e)));o.$dots=t.appendTo(o.options.appendDots),o.$dots.find("li").first().addClass("slick-active")}},e.prototype.buildOut=function(){var e=this;e.$slides=e.$slider.children(e.options.slide+":not(.slick-cloned)").addClass("slick-slide"),e.slideCount=e.$slides.length,e.$slides.each(function(e,t){i(t).attr("data-slick-index",e).data("originalStyling",i(t).attr("style")||"")}),e.$slider.addClass("slick-slider"),e.$slideTrack=0===e.slideCount?i('
').appendTo(e.$slider):e.$slides.wrapAll('
').parent(),e.$list=e.$slideTrack.wrap('
').parent(),e.$slideTrack.css("opacity",0),!0!==e.options.centerMode&&!0!==e.options.swipeToSlide||(e.options.slidesToScroll=1),i("img[data-lazy]",e.$slider).not("[src]").addClass("slick-loading"),e.setupInfinite(),e.buildArrows(),e.buildDots(),e.updateDots(),e.setSlideClasses("number"==typeof e.currentSlide?e.currentSlide:0),!0===e.options.draggable&&e.$list.addClass("draggable")},e.prototype.buildRows=function(){var i,e,t,o,s,n,r,l=this;if(o=document.createDocumentFragment(),n=l.$slider.children(),l.options.rows>1){for(r=l.options.slidesPerRow*l.options.rows,s=Math.ceil(n.length/r),i=0;ir.breakpoints[o]&&(s=r.breakpoints[o]));null!==s?null!==r.activeBreakpoint?(s!==r.activeBreakpoint||t)&&(r.activeBreakpoint=s,"unslick"===r.breakpointSettings[s]?r.unslick(s):(r.options=i.extend({},r.originalSettings,r.breakpointSettings[s]),!0===e&&(r.currentSlide=r.options.initialSlide),r.refresh(e)),l=s):(r.activeBreakpoint=s,"unslick"===r.breakpointSettings[s]?r.unslick(s):(r.options=i.extend({},r.originalSettings,r.breakpointSettings[s]),!0===e&&(r.currentSlide=r.options.initialSlide),r.refresh(e)),l=s):null!==r.activeBreakpoint&&(r.activeBreakpoint=null,r.options=r.originalSettings,!0===e&&(r.currentSlide=r.options.initialSlide),r.refresh(e),l=s),e||!1===l||r.$slider.trigger("breakpoint",[r,l])}},e.prototype.changeSlide=function(e,t){var o,s,n,r=this,l=i(e.currentTarget);switch(l.is("a")&&e.preventDefault(),l.is("li")||(l=l.closest("li")),n=r.slideCount%r.options.slidesToScroll!=0,o=n?0:(r.slideCount-r.currentSlide)%r.options.slidesToScroll,e.data.message){case"previous":s=0===o?r.options.slidesToScroll:r.options.slidesToShow-o,r.slideCount>r.options.slidesToShow&&r.slideHandler(r.currentSlide-s,!1,t);break;case"next":s=0===o?r.options.slidesToScroll:o,r.slideCount>r.options.slidesToShow&&r.slideHandler(r.currentSlide+s,!1,t);break;case"index":var d=0===e.data.index?0:e.data.index||l.index()*r.options.slidesToScroll;r.slideHandler(r.checkNavigable(d),!1,t),l.children().trigger("focus");break;default:return}},e.prototype.checkNavigable=function(i){var e,t;if(e=this.getNavigableIndexes(),t=0,i>e[e.length-1])i=e[e.length-1];else for(var o in e){if(ie.options.slidesToShow&&(e.$prevArrow&&e.$prevArrow.off("click.slick",e.changeSlide),e.$nextArrow&&e.$nextArrow.off("click.slick",e.changeSlide),!0===e.options.accessibility&&(e.$prevArrow&&e.$prevArrow.off("keydown.slick",e.keyHandler),e.$nextArrow&&e.$nextArrow.off("keydown.slick",e.keyHandler))),e.$list.off("touchstart.slick mousedown.slick",e.swipeHandler),e.$list.off("touchmove.slick mousemove.slick",e.swipeHandler),e.$list.off("touchend.slick mouseup.slick",e.swipeHandler),e.$list.off("touchcancel.slick mouseleave.slick",e.swipeHandler),e.$list.off("click.slick",e.clickHandler),i(document).off(e.visibilityChange,e.visibility),e.cleanUpSlideEvents(),!0===e.options.accessibility&&e.$list.off("keydown.slick",e.keyHandler),!0===e.options.focusOnSelect&&i(e.$slideTrack).children().off("click.slick",e.selectHandler),i(window).off("orientationchange.slick.slick-"+e.instanceUid,e.orientationChange),i(window).off("resize.slick.slick-"+e.instanceUid,e.resize),i("[draggable!=true]",e.$slideTrack).off("dragstart",e.preventDefault),i(window).off("load.slick.slick-"+e.instanceUid,e.setPosition)},e.prototype.cleanUpSlideEvents=function(){var e=this;e.$list.off("mouseenter.slick",i.proxy(e.interrupt,e,!0)),e.$list.off("mouseleave.slick",i.proxy(e.interrupt,e,!1))},e.prototype.cleanUpRows=function(){var i,e=this;e.options.rows>1&&((i=e.$slides.children().children()).removeAttr("style"),e.$slider.empty().append(i))},e.prototype.clickHandler=function(i){!1===this.shouldClick&&(i.stopImmediatePropagation(),i.stopPropagation(),i.preventDefault())},e.prototype.destroy=function(e){var t=this;t.autoPlayClear(),t.touchObject={},t.cleanUpEvents(),i(".slick-cloned",t.$slider).detach(),t.$dots&&t.$dots.remove(),t.$prevArrow&&t.$prevArrow.length&&(t.$prevArrow.removeClass("slick-disabled slick-arrow slick-hidden").removeAttr("aria-hidden aria-disabled tabindex").css("display",""),t.htmlExpr.test(t.options.prevArrow)&&t.$prevArrow.remove()),t.$nextArrow&&t.$nextArrow.length&&(t.$nextArrow.removeClass("slick-disabled slick-arrow slick-hidden").removeAttr("aria-hidden aria-disabled tabindex").css("display",""),t.htmlExpr.test(t.options.nextArrow)&&t.$nextArrow.remove()),t.$slides&&(t.$slides.removeClass("slick-slide slick-active slick-center slick-visible slick-current").removeAttr("aria-hidden").removeAttr("data-slick-index").each(function(){i(this).attr("style",i(this).data("originalStyling"))}),t.$slideTrack.children(this.options.slide).detach(),t.$slideTrack.detach(),t.$list.detach(),t.$slider.append(t.$slides)),t.cleanUpRows(),t.$slider.removeClass("slick-slider"),t.$slider.removeClass("slick-initialized"),t.$slider.removeClass("slick-dotted"),t.unslicked=!0,e||t.$slider.trigger("destroy",[t])},e.prototype.disableTransition=function(i){var e=this,t={};t[e.transitionType]="",!1===e.options.fade?e.$slideTrack.css(t):e.$slides.eq(i).css(t)},e.prototype.fadeSlide=function(i,e){var t=this;!1===t.cssTransitions?(t.$slides.eq(i).css({zIndex:t.options.zIndex}),t.$slides.eq(i).animate({opacity:1},t.options.speed,t.options.easing,e)):(t.applyTransition(i),t.$slides.eq(i).css({opacity:1,zIndex:t.options.zIndex}),e&&setTimeout(function(){t.disableTransition(i),e.call()},t.options.speed))},e.prototype.fadeSlideOut=function(i){var e=this;!1===e.cssTransitions?e.$slides.eq(i).animate({opacity:0,zIndex:e.options.zIndex-2},e.options.speed,e.options.easing):(e.applyTransition(i),e.$slides.eq(i).css({opacity:0,zIndex:e.options.zIndex-2}))},e.prototype.filterSlides=e.prototype.slickFilter=function(i){var e=this;null!==i&&(e.$slidesCache=e.$slides,e.unload(),e.$slideTrack.children(this.options.slide).detach(),e.$slidesCache.filter(i).appendTo(e.$slideTrack),e.reinit())},e.prototype.focusHandler=function(){var e=this;e.$slider.off("focus.slick blur.slick").on("focus.slick blur.slick","*",function(t){t.stopImmediatePropagation();var o=i(this);setTimeout(function(){e.options.pauseOnFocus&&(e.focussed=o.is(":focus"),e.autoPlay())},0)})},e.prototype.getCurrent=e.prototype.slickCurrentSlide=function(){return this.currentSlide},e.prototype.getDotCount=function(){var i=this,e=0,t=0,o=0;if(!0===i.options.infinite)if(i.slideCount<=i.options.slidesToShow)++o;else for(;en.options.slidesToShow&&(n.slideOffset=n.slideWidth*n.options.slidesToShow*-1,s=-1,!0===n.options.vertical&&!0===n.options.centerMode&&(2===n.options.slidesToShow?s=-1.5:1===n.options.slidesToShow&&(s=-2)),r=t*n.options.slidesToShow*s),n.slideCount%n.options.slidesToScroll!=0&&i+n.options.slidesToScroll>n.slideCount&&n.slideCount>n.options.slidesToShow&&(i>n.slideCount?(n.slideOffset=(n.options.slidesToShow-(i-n.slideCount))*n.slideWidth*-1,r=(n.options.slidesToShow-(i-n.slideCount))*t*-1):(n.slideOffset=n.slideCount%n.options.slidesToScroll*n.slideWidth*-1,r=n.slideCount%n.options.slidesToScroll*t*-1))):i+n.options.slidesToShow>n.slideCount&&(n.slideOffset=(i+n.options.slidesToShow-n.slideCount)*n.slideWidth,r=(i+n.options.slidesToShow-n.slideCount)*t),n.slideCount<=n.options.slidesToShow&&(n.slideOffset=0,r=0),!0===n.options.centerMode&&n.slideCount<=n.options.slidesToShow?n.slideOffset=n.slideWidth*Math.floor(n.options.slidesToShow)/2-n.slideWidth*n.slideCount/2:!0===n.options.centerMode&&!0===n.options.infinite?n.slideOffset+=n.slideWidth*Math.floor(n.options.slidesToShow/2)-n.slideWidth:!0===n.options.centerMode&&(n.slideOffset=0,n.slideOffset+=n.slideWidth*Math.floor(n.options.slidesToShow/2)),e=!1===n.options.vertical?i*n.slideWidth*-1+n.slideOffset:i*t*-1+r,!0===n.options.variableWidth&&(o=n.slideCount<=n.options.slidesToShow||!1===n.options.infinite?n.$slideTrack.children(".slick-slide").eq(i):n.$slideTrack.children(".slick-slide").eq(i+n.options.slidesToShow),e=!0===n.options.rtl?o[0]?-1*(n.$slideTrack.width()-o[0].offsetLeft-o.width()):0:o[0]?-1*o[0].offsetLeft:0,!0===n.options.centerMode&&(o=n.slideCount<=n.options.slidesToShow||!1===n.options.infinite?n.$slideTrack.children(".slick-slide").eq(i):n.$slideTrack.children(".slick-slide").eq(i+n.options.slidesToShow+1),e=!0===n.options.rtl?o[0]?-1*(n.$slideTrack.width()-o[0].offsetLeft-o.width()):0:o[0]?-1*o[0].offsetLeft:0,e+=(n.$list.width()-o.outerWidth())/2)),e},e.prototype.getOption=e.prototype.slickGetOption=function(i){return this.options[i]},e.prototype.getNavigableIndexes=function(){var i,e=this,t=0,o=0,s=[];for(!1===e.options.infinite?i=e.slideCount:(t=-1*e.options.slidesToScroll,o=-1*e.options.slidesToScroll,i=2*e.slideCount);t-1*o.swipeLeft)return e=n,!1}),Math.abs(i(e).attr("data-slick-index")-o.currentSlide)||1):o.options.slidesToScroll},e.prototype.goTo=e.prototype.slickGoTo=function(i,e){this.changeSlide({data:{message:"index",index:parseInt(i)}},e)},e.prototype.init=function(e){var t=this;i(t.$slider).hasClass("slick-initialized")||(i(t.$slider).addClass("slick-initialized"),t.buildRows(),t.buildOut(),t.setProps(),t.startLoad(),t.loadSlider(),t.initializeEvents(),t.updateArrows(),t.updateDots(),t.checkResponsive(!0),t.focusHandler()),e&&t.$slider.trigger("init",[t]),!0===t.options.accessibility&&t.initADA(),t.options.autoplay&&(t.paused=!1,t.autoPlay())},e.prototype.initADA=function(){var e=this,t=Math.ceil(e.slideCount/e.options.slidesToShow),o=e.getNavigableIndexes().filter(function(i){return i>=0&&ii.options.slidesToShow&&(i.$prevArrow.off("click.slick").on("click.slick",{message:"previous"},i.changeSlide),i.$nextArrow.off("click.slick").on("click.slick",{message:"next"},i.changeSlide),!0===i.options.accessibility&&(i.$prevArrow.on("keydown.slick",i.keyHandler),i.$nextArrow.on("keydown.slick",i.keyHandler)))},e.prototype.initDotEvents=function(){var e=this;!0===e.options.dots&&(i("li",e.$dots).on("click.slick",{message:"index"},e.changeSlide),!0===e.options.accessibility&&e.$dots.on("keydown.slick",e.keyHandler)),!0===e.options.dots&&!0===e.options.pauseOnDotsHover&&i("li",e.$dots).on("mouseenter.slick",i.proxy(e.interrupt,e,!0)).on("mouseleave.slick",i.proxy(e.interrupt,e,!1))},e.prototype.initSlideEvents=function(){var e=this;e.options.pauseOnHover&&(e.$list.on("mouseenter.slick",i.proxy(e.interrupt,e,!0)),e.$list.on("mouseleave.slick",i.proxy(e.interrupt,e,!1)))},e.prototype.initializeEvents=function(){var e=this;e.initArrowEvents(),e.initDotEvents(),e.initSlideEvents(),e.$list.on("touchstart.slick mousedown.slick",{action:"start"},e.swipeHandler),e.$list.on("touchmove.slick mousemove.slick",{action:"move"},e.swipeHandler),e.$list.on("touchend.slick mouseup.slick",{action:"end"},e.swipeHandler),e.$list.on("touchcancel.slick mouseleave.slick",{action:"end"},e.swipeHandler),e.$list.on("click.slick",e.clickHandler),i(document).on(e.visibilityChange,i.proxy(e.visibility,e)),!0===e.options.accessibility&&e.$list.on("keydown.slick",e.keyHandler),!0===e.options.focusOnSelect&&i(e.$slideTrack).children().on("click.slick",e.selectHandler),i(window).on("orientationchange.slick.slick-"+e.instanceUid,i.proxy(e.orientationChange,e)),i(window).on("resize.slick.slick-"+e.instanceUid,i.proxy(e.resize,e)),i("[draggable!=true]",e.$slideTrack).on("dragstart",e.preventDefault),i(window).on("load.slick.slick-"+e.instanceUid,e.setPosition),i(e.setPosition)},e.prototype.initUI=function(){var i=this;!0===i.options.arrows&&i.slideCount>i.options.slidesToShow&&(i.$prevArrow.show(),i.$nextArrow.show()),!0===i.options.dots&&i.slideCount>i.options.slidesToShow&&i.$dots.show()},e.prototype.keyHandler=function(i){var e=this;i.target.tagName.match("TEXTAREA|INPUT|SELECT")||(37===i.keyCode&&!0===e.options.accessibility?e.changeSlide({data:{message:!0===e.options.rtl?"next":"previous"}}):39===i.keyCode&&!0===e.options.accessibility&&e.changeSlide({data:{message:!0===e.options.rtl?"previous":"next"}}))},e.prototype.lazyLoad=function(){function e(e){i("img[data-lazy]",e).each(function(){var e=i(this),t=i(this).attr("data-lazy"),o=i(this).attr("data-srcset"),s=i(this).attr("data-sizes")||n.$slider.attr("data-sizes"),r=document.createElement("img");r.onload=function(){e.animate({opacity:0},100,function(){o&&(e.attr("srcset",o),s&&e.attr("sizes",s)),e.attr("src",t).animate({opacity:1},200,function(){e.removeAttr("data-lazy data-srcset data-sizes").removeClass("slick-loading")}),n.$slider.trigger("lazyLoaded",[n,e,t])})},r.onerror=function(){e.removeAttr("data-lazy").removeClass("slick-loading").addClass("slick-lazyload-error"),n.$slider.trigger("lazyLoadError",[n,e,t])},r.src=t})}var t,o,s,n=this;if(!0===n.options.centerMode?!0===n.options.infinite?s=(o=n.currentSlide+(n.options.slidesToShow/2+1))+n.options.slidesToShow+2:(o=Math.max(0,n.currentSlide-(n.options.slidesToShow/2+1)),s=n.options.slidesToShow/2+1+2+n.currentSlide):(o=n.options.infinite?n.options.slidesToShow+n.currentSlide:n.currentSlide,s=Math.ceil(o+n.options.slidesToShow),!0===n.options.fade&&(o>0&&o--,s<=n.slideCount&&s++)),t=n.$slider.find(".slick-slide").slice(o,s),"anticipated"===n.options.lazyLoad)for(var r=o-1,l=s,d=n.$slider.find(".slick-slide"),a=0;a=n.slideCount-n.options.slidesToShow?e(n.$slider.find(".slick-cloned").slice(0,n.options.slidesToShow)):0===n.currentSlide&&e(n.$slider.find(".slick-cloned").slice(-1*n.options.slidesToShow))},e.prototype.loadSlider=function(){var i=this;i.setPosition(),i.$slideTrack.css({opacity:1}),i.$slider.removeClass("slick-loading"),i.initUI(),"progressive"===i.options.lazyLoad&&i.progressiveLazyLoad()},e.prototype.next=e.prototype.slickNext=function(){this.changeSlide({data:{message:"next"}})},e.prototype.orientationChange=function(){var i=this;i.checkResponsive(),i.setPosition()},e.prototype.pause=e.prototype.slickPause=function(){var i=this;i.autoPlayClear(),i.paused=!0},e.prototype.play=e.prototype.slickPlay=function(){var i=this;i.autoPlay(),i.options.autoplay=!0,i.paused=!1,i.focussed=!1,i.interrupted=!1},e.prototype.postSlide=function(e){var t=this;t.unslicked||(t.$slider.trigger("afterChange",[t,e]),t.animating=!1,t.slideCount>t.options.slidesToShow&&t.setPosition(),t.swipeLeft=null,t.options.autoplay&&t.autoPlay(),!0===t.options.accessibility&&(t.initADA(),t.options.focusOnChange&&i(t.$slides.get(t.currentSlide)).attr("tabindex",0).focus()))},e.prototype.prev=e.prototype.slickPrev=function(){this.changeSlide({data:{message:"previous"}})},e.prototype.preventDefault=function(i){i.preventDefault()},e.prototype.progressiveLazyLoad=function(e){e=e||1;var t,o,s,n,r,l=this,d=i("img[data-lazy]",l.$slider);d.length?(t=d.first(),o=t.attr("data-lazy"),s=t.attr("data-srcset"),n=t.attr("data-sizes")||l.$slider.attr("data-sizes"),(r=document.createElement("img")).onload=function(){s&&(t.attr("srcset",s),n&&t.attr("sizes",n)),t.attr("src",o).removeAttr("data-lazy data-srcset data-sizes").removeClass("slick-loading"),!0===l.options.adaptiveHeight&&l.setPosition(),l.$slider.trigger("lazyLoaded",[l,t,o]),l.progressiveLazyLoad()},r.onerror=function(){e<3?setTimeout(function(){l.progressiveLazyLoad(e+1)},500):(t.removeAttr("data-lazy").removeClass("slick-loading").addClass("slick-lazyload-error"),l.$slider.trigger("lazyLoadError",[l,t,o]),l.progressiveLazyLoad())},r.src=o):l.$slider.trigger("allImagesLoaded",[l])},e.prototype.refresh=function(e){var t,o,s=this;o=s.slideCount-s.options.slidesToShow,!s.options.infinite&&s.currentSlide>o&&(s.currentSlide=o),s.slideCount<=s.options.slidesToShow&&(s.currentSlide=0),t=s.currentSlide,s.destroy(!0),i.extend(s,s.initials,{currentSlide:t}),s.init(),e||s.changeSlide({data:{message:"index",index:t}},!1)},e.prototype.registerBreakpoints=function(){var e,t,o,s=this,n=s.options.responsive||null;if("array"===i.type(n)&&n.length){s.respondTo=s.options.respondTo||"window";for(e in n)if(o=s.breakpoints.length-1,n.hasOwnProperty(e)){for(t=n[e].breakpoint;o>=0;)s.breakpoints[o]&&s.breakpoints[o]===t&&s.breakpoints.splice(o,1),o--;s.breakpoints.push(t),s.breakpointSettings[t]=n[e].settings}s.breakpoints.sort(function(i,e){return s.options.mobileFirst?i-e:e-i})}},e.prototype.reinit=function(){var e=this;e.$slides=e.$slideTrack.children(e.options.slide).addClass("slick-slide"),e.slideCount=e.$slides.length,e.currentSlide>=e.slideCount&&0!==e.currentSlide&&(e.currentSlide=e.currentSlide-e.options.slidesToScroll),e.slideCount<=e.options.slidesToShow&&(e.currentSlide=0),e.registerBreakpoints(),e.setProps(),e.setupInfinite(),e.buildArrows(),e.updateArrows(),e.initArrowEvents(),e.buildDots(),e.updateDots(),e.initDotEvents(),e.cleanUpSlideEvents(),e.initSlideEvents(),e.checkResponsive(!1,!0),!0===e.options.focusOnSelect&&i(e.$slideTrack).children().on("click.slick",e.selectHandler),e.setSlideClasses("number"==typeof e.currentSlide?e.currentSlide:0),e.setPosition(),e.focusHandler(),e.paused=!e.options.autoplay,e.autoPlay(),e.$slider.trigger("reInit",[e])},e.prototype.resize=function(){var e=this;i(window).width()!==e.windowWidth&&(clearTimeout(e.windowDelay),e.windowDelay=window.setTimeout(function(){e.windowWidth=i(window).width(),e.checkResponsive(),e.unslicked||e.setPosition()},50))},e.prototype.removeSlide=e.prototype.slickRemove=function(i,e,t){var o=this;if(i="boolean"==typeof i?!0===(e=i)?0:o.slideCount-1:!0===e?--i:i,o.slideCount<1||i<0||i>o.slideCount-1)return!1;o.unload(),!0===t?o.$slideTrack.children().remove():o.$slideTrack.children(this.options.slide).eq(i).remove(),o.$slides=o.$slideTrack.children(this.options.slide),o.$slideTrack.children(this.options.slide).detach(),o.$slideTrack.append(o.$slides),o.$slidesCache=o.$slides,o.reinit()},e.prototype.setCSS=function(i){var e,t,o=this,s={};!0===o.options.rtl&&(i=-i),e="left"==o.positionProp?Math.ceil(i)+"px":"0px",t="top"==o.positionProp?Math.ceil(i)+"px":"0px",s[o.positionProp]=i,!1===o.transformsEnabled?o.$slideTrack.css(s):(s={},!1===o.cssTransitions?(s[o.animType]="translate("+e+", "+t+")",o.$slideTrack.css(s)):(s[o.animType]="translate3d("+e+", "+t+", 0px)",o.$slideTrack.css(s)))},e.prototype.setDimensions=function(){var i=this;!1===i.options.vertical?!0===i.options.centerMode&&i.$list.css({padding:"0px "+i.options.centerPadding}):(i.$list.height(i.$slides.first().outerHeight(!0)*i.options.slidesToShow),!0===i.options.centerMode&&i.$list.css({padding:i.options.centerPadding+" 0px"})),i.listWidth=i.$list.width(),i.listHeight=i.$list.height(),!1===i.options.vertical&&!1===i.options.variableWidth?(i.slideWidth=Math.ceil(i.listWidth/i.options.slidesToShow),i.$slideTrack.width(Math.ceil(i.slideWidth*i.$slideTrack.children(".slick-slide").length))):!0===i.options.variableWidth?i.$slideTrack.width(5e3*i.slideCount):(i.slideWidth=Math.ceil(i.listWidth),i.$slideTrack.height(Math.ceil(i.$slides.first().outerHeight(!0)*i.$slideTrack.children(".slick-slide").length)));var e=i.$slides.first().outerWidth(!0)-i.$slides.first().width();!1===i.options.variableWidth&&i.$slideTrack.children(".slick-slide").width(i.slideWidth-e)},e.prototype.setFade=function(){var e,t=this;t.$slides.each(function(o,s){e=t.slideWidth*o*-1,!0===t.options.rtl?i(s).css({position:"relative",right:e,top:0,zIndex:t.options.zIndex-2,opacity:0}):i(s).css({position:"relative",left:e,top:0,zIndex:t.options.zIndex-2,opacity:0})}),t.$slides.eq(t.currentSlide).css({zIndex:t.options.zIndex-1,opacity:1})},e.prototype.setHeight=function(){var i=this;if(1===i.options.slidesToShow&&!0===i.options.adaptiveHeight&&!1===i.options.vertical){var e=i.$slides.eq(i.currentSlide).outerHeight(!0);i.$list.css("height",e)}},e.prototype.setOption=e.prototype.slickSetOption=function(){var e,t,o,s,n,r=this,l=!1;if("object"===i.type(arguments[0])?(o=arguments[0],l=arguments[1],n="multiple"):"string"===i.type(arguments[0])&&(o=arguments[0],s=arguments[1],l=arguments[2],"responsive"===arguments[0]&&"array"===i.type(arguments[1])?n="responsive":void 0!==arguments[1]&&(n="single")),"single"===n)r.options[o]=s;else if("multiple"===n)i.each(o,function(i,e){r.options[i]=e});else if("responsive"===n)for(t in s)if("array"!==i.type(r.options.responsive))r.options.responsive=[s[t]];else{for(e=r.options.responsive.length-1;e>=0;)r.options.responsive[e].breakpoint===s[t].breakpoint&&r.options.responsive.splice(e,1),e--;r.options.responsive.push(s[t])}l&&(r.unload(),r.reinit())},e.prototype.setPosition=function(){var i=this;i.setDimensions(),i.setHeight(),!1===i.options.fade?i.setCSS(i.getLeft(i.currentSlide)):i.setFade(),i.$slider.trigger("setPosition",[i])},e.prototype.setProps=function(){var i=this,e=document.body.style;i.positionProp=!0===i.options.vertical?"top":"left","top"===i.positionProp?i.$slider.addClass("slick-vertical"):i.$slider.removeClass("slick-vertical"),void 0===e.WebkitTransition&&void 0===e.MozTransition&&void 0===e.msTransition||!0===i.options.useCSS&&(i.cssTransitions=!0),i.options.fade&&("number"==typeof i.options.zIndex?i.options.zIndex<3&&(i.options.zIndex=3):i.options.zIndex=i.defaults.zIndex),void 0!==e.OTransform&&(i.animType="OTransform",i.transformType="-o-transform",i.transitionType="OTransition",void 0===e.perspectiveProperty&&void 0===e.webkitPerspective&&(i.animType=!1)),void 0!==e.MozTransform&&(i.animType="MozTransform",i.transformType="-moz-transform",i.transitionType="MozTransition",void 0===e.perspectiveProperty&&void 0===e.MozPerspective&&(i.animType=!1)),void 0!==e.webkitTransform&&(i.animType="webkitTransform",i.transformType="-webkit-transform",i.transitionType="webkitTransition",void 0===e.perspectiveProperty&&void 0===e.webkitPerspective&&(i.animType=!1)),void 0!==e.msTransform&&(i.animType="msTransform",i.transformType="-ms-transform",i.transitionType="msTransition",void 0===e.msTransform&&(i.animType=!1)),void 0!==e.transform&&!1!==i.animType&&(i.animType="transform",i.transformType="transform",i.transitionType="transition"),i.transformsEnabled=i.options.useTransform&&null!==i.animType&&!1!==i.animType},e.prototype.setSlideClasses=function(i){var e,t,o,s,n=this;if(t=n.$slider.find(".slick-slide").removeClass("slick-active slick-center slick-current").attr("aria-hidden","true"),n.$slides.eq(i).addClass("slick-current"),!0===n.options.centerMode){var r=n.options.slidesToShow%2==0?1:0;e=Math.floor(n.options.slidesToShow/2),!0===n.options.infinite&&(i>=e&&i<=n.slideCount-1-e?n.$slides.slice(i-e+r,i+e+1).addClass("slick-active").attr("aria-hidden","false"):(o=n.options.slidesToShow+i,t.slice(o-e+1+r,o+e+2).addClass("slick-active").attr("aria-hidden","false")),0===i?t.eq(t.length-1-n.options.slidesToShow).addClass("slick-center"):i===n.slideCount-1&&t.eq(n.options.slidesToShow).addClass("slick-center")),n.$slides.eq(i).addClass("slick-center")}else i>=0&&i<=n.slideCount-n.options.slidesToShow?n.$slides.slice(i,i+n.options.slidesToShow).addClass("slick-active").attr("aria-hidden","false"):t.length<=n.options.slidesToShow?t.addClass("slick-active").attr("aria-hidden","false"):(s=n.slideCount%n.options.slidesToShow,o=!0===n.options.infinite?n.options.slidesToShow+i:i,n.options.slidesToShow==n.options.slidesToScroll&&n.slideCount-is.options.slidesToShow)){for(o=!0===s.options.centerMode?s.options.slidesToShow+1:s.options.slidesToShow,e=s.slideCount;e>s.slideCount-o;e-=1)t=e-1,i(s.$slides[t]).clone(!0).attr("id","").attr("data-slick-index",t-s.slideCount).prependTo(s.$slideTrack).addClass("slick-cloned");for(e=0;ea.getDotCount()*a.options.slidesToScroll))!1===a.options.fade&&(o=a.currentSlide,!0!==t?a.animateSlide(r,function(){a.postSlide(o)}):a.postSlide(o));else if(!1===a.options.infinite&&!0===a.options.centerMode&&(i<0||i>a.slideCount-a.options.slidesToScroll))!1===a.options.fade&&(o=a.currentSlide,!0!==t?a.animateSlide(r,function(){a.postSlide(o)}):a.postSlide(o));else{if(a.options.autoplay&&clearInterval(a.autoPlayTimer),s=o<0?a.slideCount%a.options.slidesToScroll!=0?a.slideCount-a.slideCount%a.options.slidesToScroll:a.slideCount+o:o>=a.slideCount?a.slideCount%a.options.slidesToScroll!=0?0:o-a.slideCount:o,a.animating=!0,a.$slider.trigger("beforeChange",[a,a.currentSlide,s]),n=a.currentSlide,a.currentSlide=s,a.setSlideClasses(a.currentSlide),a.options.asNavFor&&(l=(l=a.getNavTarget()).slick("getSlick")).slideCount<=l.options.slidesToShow&&l.setSlideClasses(a.currentSlide),a.updateDots(),a.updateArrows(),!0===a.options.fade)return!0!==t?(a.fadeSlideOut(n),a.fadeSlide(s,function(){a.postSlide(s)})):a.postSlide(s),void a.animateHeight();!0!==t?a.animateSlide(d,function(){a.postSlide(s)}):a.postSlide(s)}},e.prototype.startLoad=function(){var i=this;!0===i.options.arrows&&i.slideCount>i.options.slidesToShow&&(i.$prevArrow.hide(),i.$nextArrow.hide()),!0===i.options.dots&&i.slideCount>i.options.slidesToShow&&i.$dots.hide(),i.$slider.addClass("slick-loading")},e.prototype.swipeDirection=function(){var i,e,t,o,s=this;return i=s.touchObject.startX-s.touchObject.curX,e=s.touchObject.startY-s.touchObject.curY,t=Math.atan2(e,i),(o=Math.round(180*t/Math.PI))<0&&(o=360-Math.abs(o)),o<=45&&o>=0?!1===s.options.rtl?"left":"right":o<=360&&o>=315?!1===s.options.rtl?"left":"right":o>=135&&o<=225?!1===s.options.rtl?"right":"left":!0===s.options.verticalSwiping?o>=35&&o<=135?"down":"up":"vertical"},e.prototype.swipeEnd=function(i){var e,t,o=this;if(o.dragging=!1,o.swiping=!1,o.scrolling)return o.scrolling=!1,!1;if(o.interrupted=!1,o.shouldClick=!(o.touchObject.swipeLength>10),void 0===o.touchObject.curX)return!1;if(!0===o.touchObject.edgeHit&&o.$slider.trigger("edge",[o,o.swipeDirection()]),o.touchObject.swipeLength>=o.touchObject.minSwipe){switch(t=o.swipeDirection()){case"left":case"down":e=o.options.swipeToSlide?o.checkNavigable(o.currentSlide+o.getSlideCount()):o.currentSlide+o.getSlideCount(),o.currentDirection=0;break;case"right":case"up":e=o.options.swipeToSlide?o.checkNavigable(o.currentSlide-o.getSlideCount()):o.currentSlide-o.getSlideCount(),o.currentDirection=1}"vertical"!=t&&(o.slideHandler(e),o.touchObject={},o.$slider.trigger("swipe",[o,t]))}else o.touchObject.startX!==o.touchObject.curX&&(o.slideHandler(o.currentSlide),o.touchObject={})},e.prototype.swipeHandler=function(i){var e=this;if(!(!1===e.options.swipe||"ontouchend"in document&&!1===e.options.swipe||!1===e.options.draggable&&-1!==i.type.indexOf("mouse")))switch(e.touchObject.fingerCount=i.originalEvent&&void 0!==i.originalEvent.touches?i.originalEvent.touches.length:1,e.touchObject.minSwipe=e.listWidth/e.options.touchThreshold,!0===e.options.verticalSwiping&&(e.touchObject.minSwipe=e.listHeight/e.options.touchThreshold),i.data.action){case"start":e.swipeStart(i);break;case"move":e.swipeMove(i);break;case"end":e.swipeEnd(i)}},e.prototype.swipeMove=function(i){var e,t,o,s,n,r,l=this;return n=void 0!==i.originalEvent?i.originalEvent.touches:null,!(!l.dragging||l.scrolling||n&&1!==n.length)&&(e=l.getLeft(l.currentSlide),l.touchObject.curX=void 0!==n?n[0].pageX:i.clientX,l.touchObject.curY=void 0!==n?n[0].pageY:i.clientY,l.touchObject.swipeLength=Math.round(Math.sqrt(Math.pow(l.touchObject.curX-l.touchObject.startX,2))),r=Math.round(Math.sqrt(Math.pow(l.touchObject.curY-l.touchObject.startY,2))),!l.options.verticalSwiping&&!l.swiping&&r>4?(l.scrolling=!0,!1):(!0===l.options.verticalSwiping&&(l.touchObject.swipeLength=r),t=l.swipeDirection(),void 0!==i.originalEvent&&l.touchObject.swipeLength>4&&(l.swiping=!0,i.preventDefault()),s=(!1===l.options.rtl?1:-1)*(l.touchObject.curX>l.touchObject.startX?1:-1),!0===l.options.verticalSwiping&&(s=l.touchObject.curY>l.touchObject.startY?1:-1),o=l.touchObject.swipeLength,l.touchObject.edgeHit=!1,!1===l.options.infinite&&(0===l.currentSlide&&"right"===t||l.currentSlide>=l.getDotCount()&&"left"===t)&&(o=l.touchObject.swipeLength*l.options.edgeFriction,l.touchObject.edgeHit=!0),!1===l.options.vertical?l.swipeLeft=e+o*s:l.swipeLeft=e+o*(l.$list.height()/l.listWidth)*s,!0===l.options.verticalSwiping&&(l.swipeLeft=e+o*s),!0!==l.options.fade&&!1!==l.options.touchMove&&(!0===l.animating?(l.swipeLeft=null,!1):void l.setCSS(l.swipeLeft))))},e.prototype.swipeStart=function(i){var e,t=this;if(t.interrupted=!0,1!==t.touchObject.fingerCount||t.slideCount<=t.options.slidesToShow)return t.touchObject={},!1;void 0!==i.originalEvent&&void 0!==i.originalEvent.touches&&(e=i.originalEvent.touches[0]),t.touchObject.startX=t.touchObject.curX=void 0!==e?e.pageX:i.clientX,t.touchObject.startY=t.touchObject.curY=void 0!==e?e.pageY:i.clientY,t.dragging=!0},e.prototype.unfilterSlides=e.prototype.slickUnfilter=function(){var i=this;null!==i.$slidesCache&&(i.unload(),i.$slideTrack.children(this.options.slide).detach(),i.$slidesCache.appendTo(i.$slideTrack),i.reinit())},e.prototype.unload=function(){var e=this;i(".slick-cloned",e.$slider).remove(),e.$dots&&e.$dots.remove(),e.$prevArrow&&e.htmlExpr.test(e.options.prevArrow)&&e.$prevArrow.remove(),e.$nextArrow&&e.htmlExpr.test(e.options.nextArrow)&&e.$nextArrow.remove(),e.$slides.removeClass("slick-slide slick-active slick-visible slick-current").attr("aria-hidden","true").css("width","")},e.prototype.unslick=function(i){var e=this;e.$slider.trigger("unslick",[e,i]),e.destroy()},e.prototype.updateArrows=function(){var i=this;Math.floor(i.options.slidesToShow/2),!0===i.options.arrows&&i.slideCount>i.options.slidesToShow&&!i.options.infinite&&(i.$prevArrow.removeClass("slick-disabled").attr("aria-disabled","false"),i.$nextArrow.removeClass("slick-disabled").attr("aria-disabled","false"),0===i.currentSlide?(i.$prevArrow.addClass("slick-disabled").attr("aria-disabled","true"),i.$nextArrow.removeClass("slick-disabled").attr("aria-disabled","false")):i.currentSlide>=i.slideCount-i.options.slidesToShow&&!1===i.options.centerMode?(i.$nextArrow.addClass("slick-disabled").attr("aria-disabled","true"),i.$prevArrow.removeClass("slick-disabled").attr("aria-disabled","false")):i.currentSlide>=i.slideCount-1&&!0===i.options.centerMode&&(i.$nextArrow.addClass("slick-disabled").attr("aria-disabled","true"),i.$prevArrow.removeClass("slick-disabled").attr("aria-disabled","false")))},e.prototype.updateDots=function(){var i=this;null!==i.$dots&&(i.$dots.find("li").removeClass("slick-active").end(),i.$dots.find("li").eq(Math.floor(i.currentSlide/i.options.slidesToScroll)).addClass("slick-active"))},e.prototype.visibility=function(){var i=this;i.options.autoplay&&(document[i.hidden]?i.interrupted=!0:i.interrupted=!1)},i.fn.slick=function(){var i,t,o=this,s=arguments[0],n=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,1),r=o.length;for(i=0;i250){$("header").addClass("headershrinkcontainer");$("header").removeClass("headercontainer");$("#headermenu").addClass("menushrinkclass");$("#headermenu").removeClass("menuclass");$("#headermobiel").addClass("headershrinkmobiel");$("#headermobiel").removeClass("headermobiel");$("#headerlogo").addClass("headershrinklogo");$("#headerlogo").removeClass("headerlogo");$("#compleetlogo").fadeOut("fast");$("#logotitel").addClass("displaynone");}else{$("header").addClass("headercontainer");$("header").removeClass("headershrinkcontainer");$("#headermenu").addClass("menuclass");$("#headermenu").removeClass("menushrinkclass");$("#headermobiel").addClass("headermobiel");$("#headermobiel").removeClass("headershrinkmobiel");$("#headerlogo").addClass("headerlogo");$("#headerlogo").removeClass("headershrinklogo");$("#compleetlogo").fadeIn("slow");$("#logotitel").removeClass("displaynone");}});$(document).on("scroll",function(){if($(document).scrollTop()>250){$("header").addClass("headershrinkcontainer");$("header").removeClass("headercontainer");$("#headermenu").addClass("menushrinkclass");$("#headermenu").removeClass("menuclass");$("#headermobiel").addClass("headershrinkmobiel");$("#headermobiel").removeClass("headermobiel");$("#headerlogo").addClass("headershrinklogo");$("#headerlogo").removeClass("headerlogo");$("#compleetlogo").fadeOut("fast");$("#logotitel").addClass("displaynone");}else{$("header").addClass("headercontainer");$("header").removeClass("headershrinkcontainer");$("#headermenu").addClass("menuclass");$("#headermenu").removeClass("menushrinkclass");$("#headermobiel").addClass("headermobiel");$("#headermobiel").removeClass("headershrinkmobiel");$("#headerlogo").addClass("headerlogo");$("#headerlogo").removeClass("headershrinklogo");$("#compleetlogo").fadeIn("slow");$("#logotitel").removeClass("displaynone");}});$(document).ready(function(){$(".mmli").mouseover(function(){$(this).find(".mmsubli").removeClass("displaynone");});});$(document).ready(function(){$(".hb_container").click(function(){$(".toonmobilemenu").stop().slideToggle(10)})});$(".hb_container").click(function(){if($(".toonmobilemenu").css("display")!="block"){$(window).scrollTop(0);$(".hb_container").addClass("change");$("#mobilemenubox").fadeIn("slow");};if($(".toonmobilemenu").css("display")=="block"){$(".hb_container").removeClass("change");$("#mobilemenubox").fadeOut("slow");};});$(document).ready(function(){$(".mobilemenubox").click(function(){$(".toonmobilemenu").stop().slideToggle(10)})});$(".mobilemenubox").click(function(){if($(".toonmobilemenu").css("display")!="block"){$(".hb_container").addClass("change");$("#mobilemenubox").fadeIn("slow");};if($(".toonmobilemenu").css("display")=="block"){$(".hb_container").removeClass("change");$("#mobilemenubox").fadeOut("slow");};});
$("#nieuwsbrief_submit2").click(function(){$("#nieuwsbrief_form2").submit()});
}}Geplaatst op 1 mei 2021
Parkeren is balanceren Wij voeren regelmatig parkeeronderzoeken uit voor overheid en commerciële partners. Ruimtelijke ordening en verduurzaming zit ons in het bloed. In ons werk komen we regelmatig in aanraking met verkeersadviseur Arie de Bie, als ZZP'er optredend als opdrachtgever namens gemeente Nijmegen. Wij praten met hem over de woningbouwopgave van Nederland en o.a. de rol die parkeernormen daarbij spelen.
De uitbreidingsbehoefte tot 2030 komt volgens de rijksoverheid op 695.500 nieuwe woningen (*). Je werkte eerder in Haarlem, Leiden en Zwolle, nu in Nijmegen. Welke verschillen ervaar jij tussen deze steden als je het hebt over de uitvoering van deze behoefte?
Arie: "Steden als Nijmegen en Zwolle hebben rond de steden nog ruimte om uit te breiden. Steden in het westen zoals Haarlem en Leiden zitten helemaal klem. Daar is stadsuitleg nauwelijks nog mogelijk. Bij zulke druk ontstaan onconventionele oplossingen. Er wordt dan meer moeite gedaan voor het bouwen binnen de stad. Dat kan juist heel mooie resultaten opleveren. Bij Rotterdam Coolhaven is bijvoorbeeld recent met zorgvuldigheid op hoge dichtheid gebouwd. Dat vraagt dan wel een hoge mate van deskundigheid en creativiteit."
Een gemeente als Amstelveen bouwde altijd door naar het zuiden, maar loopt nu tegen de gemeentegrenzen aan. Het centrumgebied heeft een groot winkeloverschot; een groot leegstaand V&D gebouw bijvoorbeeld. Er zijn daar veel nieuwe bouwplannen, ook om overloop uit Amsterdam op te vangen. Welke uitdagingen zie jij vanuit bestuurlijk perspectief bij dit soort projecten?"
Arie: "Binnenstedelijk bouwen is veel complexer; eigendomsverhoudingen, milieukundige saneringen, derde partijen. Je hebt meestal te maken met een duurder planproces dat veel tijd en energie kost. Vanuit het perspectief van mobiliteit is binnenstedelijk bouwen juist gunstig, want alle voorzieningen zijn er al en je houdt de stedelijke ruimte compact, Je genereert geen grote nieuwe verkeersstromen."
Wij zijn betrokken bij een project van een middelgrote gemeente waar 50% van de parkeercapaciteit in de binnenstad gaat verdwijnen. Om een zo groot mogelijke woningbouwontwikkeling te realiseren ligt nu een maximale bezettingsgraad van 95% op tafel. Hoe zie jij dat gemeenten de rol van parkeernormen als besturingselement gaan bespelen?
Arie: "Dit zijn altijd projecten met meerdere partijen en belangen die je altijd met andere partijen in de stad doet; commerciële partijen en maatschappelijke organisaties. De gemeente heeft daarin de regierol. Er zit behalve een bouwkundige en ontwikkelende kant altijd een sociale kant aan. Hoe ga je om met de belangen van omwonenden en belanghebbenden? Bij binnenstedelijke herontwikkeling is de parkeeropgave extra spannend. Daarin moet je vaak noodgedwongen de randen van het mogelijke opzoeken, maar je moet ook zorgen voor draagvlak."
Het kan dus best complex kan zijn. Alles wat je doet heeft ook effect op de gebieden er omheen, de schilwijken bijvoorbeeld. Wij kennen uit de praktijk een voorbeeld waarbij de gemeente betaald parkeren in een schilwijk wilde invoeren om de lokale parkeerdruk te verlichten, maar waarbij de hele wijk in opstand kwam. Met veel inspraaksessies werd de zaak uiteindelijk glad getrokken.
Arie: "Dat soort problematiek speelt overal waar al betaald parkeren of vergunningshoudersgebied is. De druk loopt dan over de randen en de bewoners van die naastliggende zone zullen altijd het argument hebben dat ze moeten gaan betalen voor een probleem elders. De overloop beperkt zich tegelijk vaak maar tot een paar straten buiten de schil, maar voor die bewoners is het probleem echt hardnekkig. De oplossing is om dit soort zones uit te breiden aan de hand van natuurlijke grenzen, want anders ben je na een paar jaar weer aan de beurt."
Genoeg werk aan de winkel dus voor verkeerskundigen en planologen?
Arie: "Het is balanceren. Zo wil iedereen groen in de straat, maar niet ten koste van parkeren. Iedereen wil mobiel zijn, maar niet de mobiliteit voor zijn of haar deur hebben, etc. Binnenstedelijk bouwen blijft goed vanuit mobiliteitsperspectief. Hoe minder mobiliteit bewoners nodig hebben voor hun dagelijkse routines, hoe minder overlast er uiteindelijk is."
(*) 'Woningbouwopgave tot 2030: maak de mix', em. prof. mr. Friso de Zeeuw, met medewerking van drs. Geurt Keers, 27-10-2020. Download beschikbaar via www.tweedekamer.nl.